Nail fungus, how can we fix them?
What is nail fungus?
It is also called onychomycosis . It is the fungal infection of the nails.
They occur more often in adults and adolescents. Toenails are affected more often than fingernails. Within the toenails, the first toe is usually the most affected and can later spread to the others.
There are other special forms, such as paronychia. This starts in the crease around the nail. It appears swollen, red and painful, and may exude. Then it spreads to the rest of the nail.
What they owe?
The causative fungi thrive in humid areas - swimming pools, gyms or showers are ideal places to facilitate these infections. There is also a greater risk if there are previous injuries to the nail, if the nails are cut with utensils used by other people or if closed shoes are worn. It is usually associated with other skin diseases. They can also occur at the same time as a yeast infection of the foot or athlete's foot .
What symptoms will you notice?
It is rare that it causes discomfort. The most common symptoms are changes in the appearance of the nails : brittleness, discoloration, whitish or yellowish stripes, thickening, lifting, breaking, crumbling of the nail edges or debris trapped under the nail.
What types are there?
- Distal subungual : It is the most common type in the big toe. The free edge of the nail becomes yellowish and thickened. The surface becomes rougher and can become fragmented.
- Proximal subungual : The root of the nail is damaged first. Yellowish or whitish areas are seen moving towards the free end. He's a weird guy.
- Superficial white : It begins with small white dots on the nail, which later coalesce and form larger areas.
- Melanonychia : This means "pigmented nail" or "brown nail". It is very rare.
- Onychodystrophy : There is a total deformation of the nail, which becomes very thickened, curved, and falls apart easily. It is, in many cases, the final phase of the infection.
How do pediatricians know that it is nail fungus?
Fortunately, it is easy to diagnose. It can be done with the naked eye. Sometimes it may be necessary to scrape the nail and look under a microscope or send samples to the lab for culture (can take up to three weeks).
How can it be treated?
Using over-the -counter creams and ointments is generally not helpful in treating this infection.
If the root is not affected, antifungal agents in the form of lacquers and nail polish can be used initially for 6-12 months.
The pediatrician will indicate, if necessary, the specific treatment ( antifungal or antifungal ) by mouth. This is best given with meals, as it is better absorbed. The treatment is long (2-3 months for the toenails or a little less for the fingernails).
Laser treatments can be helpful. In some cases, the doctor may decide to remove the nail.
Keep in mind that these are difficult infections to treat. The drugs kill the fungus in about half of the patients. Even if the treatment goes well, the fungus can reappear. Nail fungus is cured by growing new, uninfected nails. After effective treatment, it can take up to a year for a new nail to grow.
Can they be prevented?
Yes. So take note of the main measures to follow:
- Take good hygiene . Shower after playing sports and try to keep your feet clean and dry. Take them out very well.
- Wear flip flops in changing rooms, public showers, and swimming pools.
- Wear well-ventilated shoes regularly.
- Take proper care of your nails.
- Wash and dry your hands very well after being in contact with someone with fungus.
- Don't share fingernail and toenail clippers with anyone.
When should I see the pediatrician?
Whenever you suspect a yeast infection. Also if the infection persists despite treatment or if you have a red, painful or pus-draining area on your foot.
Additional Information:
- Nail fungus(link is external) From the Dermapixel blog : Outreach blog of the prestigious dermatologist Rosa Taberner, who can provide you with more interesting information to expand your knowledge.
- Onychomycosis(link is external) From the website of the Dermatology Service of the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona.